Young lawyer who helped write voting rights bill ‘star-struck’ as he witnessed 1965 signing into law
Young lawyer who helped write voting rights bill ‘star-struck’ as he witnessed 1965 signing into law
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, displays one of the pens used by President Lyndon Johnson at that historic event, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - In this Aug. 6, 1965, photo, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on Aug. 6, 1965, in a ceremony in the President’s Room at the U.S. Capitol Washington. Surrounding the president from left directly above his right hand, Vice President Hubert Humphrey; House Speaker John McCormack; Rep. Emanuel Celler, D-N.Y.; first daughter Luci Johnson; and Sen. Everett Dirksen, R-Ill. Behind Humphrey is House Majority Leader Carl Albert of Oklahoma; and behind Celler is Sen. Carl Hayden, D-Ariz. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - President Lyndon B. Johnson shakes hands with Martin Luther King Jr., after presenting a pen to the civil rights leader after Johnson signed the voting rights bill at the Capitol in Washington, Aug. 6, 1965. At center is Rep. Ray Madden, D-Ind. Joel Finkelstein was an accidental witness to one of the seminal events during the Civil Rights Movement, the signing in 1965 of the Voting Rights Act. He was a year out of law school when he received the call to head to the U.S. Capitol for the signing. He had helped write the law as a lawyer in the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - President Barack Obama awards the Medal of Freedom to John Doar, who handled civil rights cases in the 1960’s, during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, May 29, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak, File)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, works in his office in Rockville, Md., Thursday, April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - Against the backdrop of a statue of Abraham Lincoln, President Lyndon B. Johnson speaks in the Rotunda of the Capitol before signing the voting rights bill in Washington, on Aug. 6, 1965. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, displays one of the pens used by President Lyndon Johnson at that historic event, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., Thursday, April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - Assistant Attorney General John Doar, left, stands with Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, center, and Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall as they arrive at the Supreme Court in Washington to defend the legality of the 1965 Voting Rights Act on Jan. 17, 1966. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, displays one of the pens used by President Lyndon Johnson at that historic event, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, displays one of the pens used by President Lyndon Johnson at that historic event, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - In this Aug. 6, 1965, photo, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on Aug. 6, 1965, in a ceremony in the President’s Room at the U.S. Capitol Washington. Surrounding the president from left directly above his right hand, Vice President Hubert Humphrey; House Speaker John McCormack; Rep. Emanuel Celler, D-N.Y.; first daughter Luci Johnson; and Sen. Everett Dirksen, R-Ill. Behind Humphrey is House Majority Leader Carl Albert of Oklahoma; and behind Celler is Sen. Carl Hayden, D-Ariz. (AP Photo)
FILE - In this Aug. 6, 1965, photo, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on Aug. 6, 1965, in a ceremony in the President’s Room at the U.S. Capitol Washington. Surrounding the president from left directly above his right hand, Vice President Hubert Humphrey; House Speaker John McCormack; Rep. Emanuel Celler, D-N.Y.; first daughter Luci Johnson; and Sen. Everett Dirksen, R-Ill. Behind Humphrey is House Majority Leader Carl Albert of Oklahoma; and behind Celler is Sen. Carl Hayden, D-Ariz. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - President Lyndon B. Johnson shakes hands with Martin Luther King Jr., after presenting a pen to the civil rights leader after Johnson signed the voting rights bill at the Capitol in Washington, Aug. 6, 1965. At center is Rep. Ray Madden, D-Ind. Joel Finkelstein was an accidental witness to one of the seminal events during the Civil Rights Movement, the signing in 1965 of the Voting Rights Act. He was a year out of law school when he received the call to head to the U.S. Capitol for the signing. He had helped write the law as a lawyer in the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division. (AP Photo)
FILE - President Lyndon B. Johnson shakes hands with Martin Luther King Jr., after presenting a pen to the civil rights leader after Johnson signed the voting rights bill at the Capitol in Washington, Aug. 6, 1965. At center is Rep. Ray Madden, D-Ind. Joel Finkelstein was an accidental witness to one of the seminal events during the Civil Rights Movement, the signing in 1965 of the Voting Rights Act. He was a year out of law school when he received the call to head to the U.S. Capitol for the signing. He had helped write the law as a lawyer in the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - President Barack Obama awards the Medal of Freedom to John Doar, who handled civil rights cases in the 1960’s, during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, May 29, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak, File)
FILE - President Barack Obama awards the Medal of Freedom to John Doar, who handled civil rights cases in the 1960’s, during a ceremony in the East Room of the White House in Washington, May 29, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak, File)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, works in his office in Rockville, Md., Thursday, April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, works in his office in Rockville, Md., Thursday, April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - Against the backdrop of a statue of Abraham Lincoln, President Lyndon B. Johnson speaks in the Rotunda of the Capitol before signing the voting rights bill in Washington, on Aug. 6, 1965. (AP Photo)
FILE - Against the backdrop of a statue of Abraham Lincoln, President Lyndon B. Johnson speaks in the Rotunda of the Capitol before signing the voting rights bill in Washington, on Aug. 6, 1965. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, displays one of the pens used by President Lyndon Johnson at that historic event, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., Thursday, April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, displays one of the pens used by President Lyndon Johnson at that historic event, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., Thursday, April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
FILE - Assistant Attorney General John Doar, left, stands with Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, center, and Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall as they arrive at the Supreme Court in Washington to defend the legality of the 1965 Voting Rights Act on Jan. 17, 1966. (AP Photo)
FILE - Assistant Attorney General John Doar, left, stands with Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, center, and Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall as they arrive at the Supreme Court in Washington to defend the legality of the 1965 Voting Rights Act on Jan. 17, 1966. (AP Photo)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
Attorney Joel Finkelstein, who was present at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reflects on that historic event and how the legislation was born, during an interview with The Associated Press at his office in Rockville, Md., April 13, 2023. Finkelstein began his career as a young lawyer in the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice in 1964. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
WASHINGTON (AP) — Joel Finkelstein is an accidental witness to one of the seminal events of the civil rights movement, the signing in 1965 of the Voting Rights Act.
He was a year out of law school at Cornell when he received the call to head to the Capitol for the signing. Now 83, Finkelstein still isn’t sure how he ended up witnessing the signing — on his 25th birthday — but figured President Lyndon Johnson wanted people who had worked on the bill to be present.
Finkelstein helped write the law as a lawyer in the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division.
“Well, I was one of the staff and that’s how I got there,” he said.
Finkelstein had wanted to work for the Justice Department as long as he could remember. He was raised in Savannah, Georgia, and had gone to undergraduate school at Tulane in New Orleans.
“I was not unfamiliar with what went on in the South,” he said.
It was a time when some of the nation’s best young lawyers sought work at the Justice Department, where Finkelstein recalls working with such figures as famed civil rights lawyer Thurgood Marshall — then the U.S. solicitor general and soon to be a Supreme Court justice — and John Doar, who led the Justice Department’s desegregation efforts in the South. President John F. Kennedy’s assassination left the lawyers uncertain about the fight for civil rights.
“There was concern within the department, and I’m talking of this as chatter amongst the lawyers that worked there, as to whether Johnson would be aggressive in the pursuit of civil rights legislation,” he said. “As it turned out, not only was he aggressive, he was far more aggressive and politically adept than President (John F.) Kennedy. I think much to the surprise of many of us, what he pursued was far beyond anything we expected.”
Finkelstein said he was “star-struck” as he stood about four rows behind Martin Luther King Jr., and other civil rights and congressional leaders at the signing of the Voting Rights Act, remembering the moment as overwhelming.
Still, he said, the magnitude of the law would not become clear to him until decades later.
He and others were at a ceremony during the Obama administration that involved Rep. John Lewis, the civil rights activist, and Doar, who had been the former assistant attorney general in the department’s civil rights division, when members of the division who had worked on the law were asked to stand.
“People not only stood, but they came over and tried to reach out and touch us,” Finkelstein said. “I just turned to my wife, and I said I never realized that this act that I worked on had such a momentous effect on so many people.”
Today the framed signing pen and note he received from the 1965 ceremony that turned the bill into law are among his most treasured possessions.
He recalls how he felt in 2013 when the Supreme Court struck down as unconstitutional the way states were included on the list of those needing to get advance approval for voting-related changes, Within weeks, he says, some Republican-controlled legislatures began passing laws meant to “go around the spirit of the act.”
“On a personal level, it looked to me like I was watching my house burn down because what they did was remove the enforcement provision in the guts of the Voting Rights Act,” he said.
As the court considers whether to uphold or weaken another of the law’s provisions, Finkelstein said the country’s promise of democracy for all hangs in the balance.
“If you want a democracy, you must have the ability to vote — and not only to vote but to have your vote counted,” he said.
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