Racist abuse of Vinícius Júnior highlights entrenched problem in soccer

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FILE - Real Madrid’s Vinicius Junior, left, confronts Valencia fans as Valencia’s Jose Luis Gaya reacts during a Spanish La Liga soccer match between Valencia and Real Madrid, at the Mestalla stadium in Valencia, Spain, Sunday, May 21, 2023. The vicious, relentless and high-profile racist insults directed at Brazilian soccer player Vinícius Junior underscore an entrenched and decades-old issue that refuses to go away in the world’s most popular sport. It is a deeper societal problem that is manifested in soccer matches predominantly in Europe, but also all around the world, and has been amplified by the reach of social media. (AP Photo/Alberto Saiz, File)

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FILE - People are reflected in a man’s sunglasses looking at the messages of support left on a mural of Manchester United striker and England player Marcus Rashford, on the wall of the Coffee House Cafe on Copson Street, in Withington, Manchester, England, Tuesday July 13, 2021. The mural was defaced with abusive graffiti in the wake of England losing the Euro 2020 soccer championship final match to Italy. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (AP Photo/Jon Super, File)

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A close-up of the anti-racism message on the t-shirt of former Chelsea soccer player Paul Canoville during an interview with the Associated Press at Chelsea’s Stamford Bridge ground in London, Thursday, March 2, 2023. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

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FILE - Real Madrid’s Vinicius Junior, center, leaves the pitch after being shown a red card during a Spanish La Liga soccer match between Valencia and Real Madrid, at the Mestalla stadium in Valencia, Spain, Sunday, May 21, 2023. The vicious, relentless and high-profile racist insults directed at Brazilian soccer player Vinícius Junior underscore an entrenched and decades-old issue that refuses to go away in the world’s most popular sport. It is a deeper societal problem that is manifested in soccer matches predominantly in Europe, but also all around the world, and has been amplified by the reach of social media. (AP Photo/Alberto Saiz, File)

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FILE - A player has a “No room for racism” badge on his sleeve which worn by players during the English Premier League soccer match between Nottingham Forest and Leeds United at City ground in Nottingham, England, Sunday, Feb. 5, 2023. (AP Photo/Rui Vieira, File)

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FILE - A woman holds a sign with a message that reads in Portuguese; “Vini, we are with you,” during a protest against the racism suffered by Brazilian soccer star Vinicius Junior who plays for Spain’s Real Madrid, outside the Spanish Consulate in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Tuesday, May 23, 2023. The vicious, relentless and high-profile racist insults directed at Brazilian soccer player Vinícius Junior underscore an entrenched and decades-old issue that refuses to go away in the world’s most popular sport. It is a deeper societal problem that is manifested in soccer matches predominantly in Europe, but also all around the world, and has been amplified by the reach of social media. (AP Photo/Tuane Fernandes, File)

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FILE - Real Madrid’s Vinicius Junior, lower center, reacts towards Valencia fans after being sent off during a Spanish La Liga soccer match between Valencia and Real Madrid, at the Mestalla stadium in Valencia, Spain, Sunday, May 21, 2023. The vicious, relentless and high-profile racist insults directed at Brazilian soccer player Vinícius Junior underscore an entrenched and decades-old issue that refuses to go away in the world’s most popular sport. It is a deeper societal problem that is manifested in soccer matches predominantly in Europe, but also all around the world, and has been amplified by the reach of social media. (AP Photo/Alberto Saiz, File)

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FILE - England players comfort teammate Bukayo Saka after he failed to score a penalty during a penalty shootout after extra time during of the Euro 2020 soccer championship final match between England and Italy at Wembley stadium in London, Sunday, July 11, 2021. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (Carl Recine/Pool Photo via AP, File)

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FILE - England’s manager Gareth Southgate, center right, consoles England’s Jadon Sancho after the penalty shootout at the end of the Euro 2020 soccer final match between England and Italy at Wembley stadium in London, Sunday, July 11, 2021. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (Laurence Griffiths/Pool via AP, File)

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FILE - A protester holds-up a banner bearing an image of George Floyd during an anti-racism protest, near a mural of Manchester United striker and England player Marcus Rashford, on the wall of the Coffee House Cafe on Copson Street, in Withington, Manchester, England, Tuesday July 13, 2021. The mural was defaced with abusive graffiti in the wake of England losing the Euro 2020 soccer championship final match to Italy. (AP Photo/Jon Super, File)

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FILE - From left, AC Milan’s Kevin-Prince Boateng, Massimo Ambrosini, Giampaolo Pazzini and Antonio Nocerino sport jerseys reading “AC Milan against racism” as they warm up prior to the start of the Serie A soccer match between AC Milan and Siena at the San Siro stadium in Milan, Italy, Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (AP Photo/Antonio Calanni, File)

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FILE - Dortmund’s Jude Bellingham, left, and Erling Haaland wear t-shirts bearing an anti-racism message prior to the German Bundesliga soccer match between Borussia Dortmund and FSV Mainz 05 in Dortmund, Germany, Saturday, Oct. 16, 2021. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (AP Photo/Martin Meissner, File)

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FILE - Players ‘take a knee’ in support of the No Room For Racism campaign ahead of the English Premier League soccer match between Leicester City and Crystal Palace at the King Power Stadium in Leicester, England, Monday, April 26, 2021. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (Alex Pantling/Pool via AP, File)

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FILE - France’s Kylian Mbappe sits on the bench at the end of the World Cup final soccer match between Argentina and France at the Lusail Stadium in Lusail, Qatar, Sunday, Dec.18, 2022. In France, Black players from the men’s national team were targeted with horrific racial abuse online after they lost in last year’s World Cup final. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez, File)

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FILE - French players stand dejected during the penalty shootout during the World Cup final soccer match between Argentina and France at the Lusail Stadium in Lusail, Qatar, Sunday, Dec. 18, 2022. In France, where Black players from the men’s national team were targeted with horrific racial abuse online after they lost in last year’s World Cup final.(AP Photo/Petr David Josek, File)

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Former Chelsea soccer player Paul Canoville poses for a portrait during an interview with the Associated Press at Chelsea’s Stamford Bridge ground in London, Thursday, March 2, 2023. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

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FILE - A protester holds up a photo of Brazilian soccer star Vinicius Jr and a message that reads in Portuguese; “Fight racism” during a protest against the racism suffered by Vinicius, who plays for Spain’s Real Madrid, outside the Spanish Consulate in Sao Paulo, Brazil, Tuesday, May 23, 2023. Vinicius, who is Black, has been subjected to repeated racist taunts since he arrived in Spain five years ago. (AP Photo/Tuane Fernandes, File)

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FILE - Zaragoza player Alvaro Maior De Aquino of Brazil, left tries to stop Barcelona’s Samuel Eto’o of Cameroon, right, from leaving the field after racist taunts against him during a Spanish league soccer match against Zaragoza, in Zaragoza, Spain, Saturday Feb. 25, 2006. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez, File)

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FILE - A Manchester City fan holds an anti-racism banner in the stands during the Champions League Group D soccer match between Manchester City and CSKA Moscow at the Etihad Stadium in Manchester, Britain, Tuesday, Nov. 5, 2013. The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. (AP Photo/Clint Hughes, File)

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FILE - Inter Milan’s Romelu Lukaku gestures towards Juventus fans after scoring a goal in a Italian cup semi final first leg soccer match between Juventus and Inter Milan, at the Allianz Stadium, in Turin, Italy, Tuesday, April 4, 2023. Lukaku’s silencing gesture toward Juventus fans who abused him in an Italian Cup game led to a second yellow card and being sent off the field. Lukaku’s one-game ban was eventually overturned by the Italian soccer federation. (Fabio Ferrari/LaPresse via AP, File)

By Tales Azzoni and Steve Douglas

MADRID (AP) — Hanging from a highway bridge in Madrid, an effigy of one of the world’s most famous Black soccer players stands as a graphic reminder of the racism that sweeps through European soccer.

In truth, the signs are everywhere.

In Italy, where monkey chants swirled around the stadium in April as a Black player celebrated a goal. In England, where a banana peel thrown from a hostile crowd during a game in north London landed at the feet of a Black player after he scored a penalty. In France, where Black players from the men’s national team were targeted with horrific racial abuse online after they lost in last year’s World Cup final.

Go outside Europe and you’ll find them, too.

In Australia, where there were monkey noises and fascist chanting during last year’s Australia Cup final. In South America, where matches in the continent’s biggest competition, the Copa Libertadores, have been blighted by monkey chants. In North Africa, where Black players from visiting teams from sub-Saharan Africa have complained of being targets of racist chants by Arab fans.

Hanging from a highway bridge in Madrid, an effigy of one of the world’s most famous Black soccer players – Vinicius Junior - stands as a graphic reminder of the racism that sweeps through European soccer. AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports.

The manifestation of a deeper societal problem, racism is a decades-old issue in soccer — predominantly in Europe but seen all around the world — that has been amplified by the reach of social media and a growing willingness for people to call it out. And to think that it was only 11 years ago that Sepp Blatter, then president of soccer governing body FIFA, denied there was any racism in the game, saying any abuse should be resolved with a handshake.

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The Black player currently subjected to the most vicious, relentless and high-profile racist insults is Vinícius Júnior, a 22-year-old Brazilian who plays for Real Madrid, arguably the most successful soccer team in Europe.

It was around the neck of an effigy of Vinícius that a rope was tied and the figure hung from an overpass near Madrid’s training ground in the Spanish capital in January. It was Vinícius who, two weeks ago in perhaps a defining incident for the Spanish game, was reduced to tears during a match after confronting a fan who called him a monkey and made monkey gestures toward him.

It’s Vinícius who is emerging as the leading Black voice in the fight against racism, which continues to stain the world’s most popular sport.

“I have a purpose in life,” he said on Twitter, “and if I have to keep suffering so that future generations won’t have to go through these types of situations, I’m ready and prepared.”

Vinícius’ biggest concern is that Spanish soccer authorities are doing little to stop the abuse, leading to racism being an accepted part of the game in a country

Indeed, federations around the world have been too slow — in some cases, apparently unwilling — to equip themselves with the powers to sanction teams for the racist behavior of their fans, despite being given the authority by FIFA to do so since 2013.

Fines? Sure. Partial stadium closures? OK. But more stringent punishments, like point deductions or expulsion from competitions? They are typically reserved for matters such as financial mismanagement, not racial abuse of players.

The result is frustration and a sense of helplessness among Black players and those wanting to protect them. Asked what he expects to happen after the Vinícius incident, Real Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti said: “Nothing. Because it has happened lots of times and nothing happens.”

Anti-racism campaigns and slogans are welcomed but increasingly viewed as tokenism, especially when fines handed to clubs or federations for racial abuse committed by fans often are so pitiful.

Take the juxtaposition, in 2012, of European governing body UEFA handing the Spanish soccer federation a $25,000 fine for fans directing racial abuse at a Black player for Italy during the European Championship with, around the same time, a Denmark player getting fined five times that amount for revealing underpants with the name of a bookmaker on it.

Experts believe the global outrage, widespread reaction and outpouring of support for Vinícius following his latest abuse could mark a turning point in the fight against racism in Spain. It certainly struck a chord in Brazil, where there were protests outside the Spanish Consulate in Sao Paulo, while the Spanish league is now seeking to increase its authority to issue sanctions. Its protocol up to now has been to detect and denounce incidents and pass evidence to courts, where cases are typically shelved.

Jacco van Sterkenburg, a professor of race, inclusion and communication in soccer and the media at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, said explicit racism in stadiums is more accepted and normalized in some parts of Spanish and southern European soccer culture compared to places like England and the Netherlands, where the media, former players and soccer federations have openly addressed the issue.

“When, as a football association, you don’t take a firm stance against it and you don’t repeat that message time and time again, it will reappear,” Van Sterkenburg said in a video call. “You have to repeat the message that this isn’t allowed, this isn’t accepted.”

“When nothing happens, you should still repeat this message. Some clubs have programs in place where they repeat the message, even when nothing happens. It sets the norm, continuously.”

Jermaine Scott, an assistant professor of history at Florida Atlantic University, told the AP that while overt racism is no longer a recurring problem in mainstream American sports, institutional racism is very much evident, reflected in the lack of coaches and executives through the sports landscape who are Black, Indigenous or people of color. He sees this same institutional racism in European soccer, too.

For Scott, a player like Vinícius might be at odds with European soccer’s values.

“As soccer spread throughout the world, different cultures made the game their own, and instilled different values, like creativity and innovation, and importantly, joy, and some would even say freedom,” Scott said.

“So when a player like Viní Jr. plays with the classic Afro-Brazilian style, accompanied by the samba celebrations, it upsets the value system of European soccer, which has historically disciplined those who challenge such value systems.”

Soccer needs outside help with racism and gets it through anti-discrimination campaigners such as Kick It Out in Britain and LICRA in France. The Fare network, a pan-European group set up to counter discrimination in soccer, places undercover observers in crowds at Europe’s biggest games to detect racist chants and extremist symbols on banners.

Fans also are increasingly likely to raise awareness of racist incidents by reporting them to federations and campaign groups or posting videos and photos on social media, with the material often used by authorities as evidence to punish perpetrators.

Then again, the growth of social media has its downsides when it comes to the amplification of racist abuse in soccer compared to previous generations, where it was mostly restricted to inside stadiums.

Now, people can fire off racist insults over their phone anonymously, directly to the accounts of the world’s best players on Instagram and Twitter. That leads to the paradox of soccer players, eager to boost their brands, using the same platforms on which they are being abused.

As for the Black players themselves, some — such as Vinícius and others like Samuel Eto’o, Mario Balotelli and Romelu Lukaku — call out the abuse when they see it, intent on leading the fight against racism. That’s something Paul Canoville, the target of racist insults as the first Black player of English club Chelsea

“They should say something right there and then,” Canoville said of Black players. “I didn’t at that time and I’ve had to learn from that. That’s something I teach to up-and-coming players now.”

Van Sterkenburg and Scott said more education and stronger punishments were vital in the ongoing fight to stamp out racism. That’s also the opinion of a former World Cup winner who played in Spain and experienced similar abuse to Vinícius.

“Racism is ingrained, it’s something people are used to, it’s something that is passed from one generation to another,” said the player, who declined to be named because he’s not allowed by his current employer to give interviews.

“People think it’s normal, something that is not wrong, so it’s hard to fight against that. And we can’t even say that it’s something that will get better with time, because it was the same thing many decades ago and nothing has changed.”

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Douglas reported from Sundsvall, Sweden.

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