The road to V-E Day, from the assault on Berlin to bonfires and dancing in the capitals of Europe
The road to V-E Day, from the assault on Berlin to bonfires and dancing in the capitals of Europe
Britain’s Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery signs the surrender pact, in a tent at Montgomery’s 21st Army Group headquarters, at Luneburg Heath, May 4, 1945. The pact, signed by senior German officers, agreed a ceasefire on the British fronts in north west Germany, Denmark and Holland as from 8am on May 5. (AP Photo/Eddie Worth, File)
Senior German officers, from left, Maj. Friedel, Rear Adm. Wagner, Adm. Hans-Georg Von Friedeburg, Gen. Eberhard Kinzel and Col. Pollek, arrive at Montgomery’s 21st Army Group headquarters, at Luneburg Heath, May 4, 1945. The peace envoy later agreed a surrender pact in the form of a ceasefire on the British fronts in north west Germany, Denmark and Holland as from 8am on May 5. (AP Photo/Eddie Worth, File)
British civilians and Allied service men and women gather, as part of a huge crowd, along Piccadilly, near London’s Piccadilly Circus, May 7, 1945, to celebrate Germany’s total surrender. (AP Photo/Leslie Priest, File)
A view of the burned-out ruins of the German Reichstag in Berlin in this photo from August 1945, three months after the Nazis surrendered to the Allied Powers on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo, file)
A view of the burned-out ruins of the German Reichstag in Berlin in this photo from August 1945, three months after the Nazis surrendered to the Allied Powers on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo, file)
Britain’s Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery signs the surrender pact, in a tent at Montgomery’s 21st Army Group headquarters, at Luneburg Heath, May 4, 1945. The pact, signed by senior German officers, agreed a ceasefire on the British fronts in north west Germany, Denmark and Holland as from 8am on May 5. (AP Photo/Eddie Worth, File)
Britain’s Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery signs the surrender pact, in a tent at Montgomery’s 21st Army Group headquarters, at Luneburg Heath, May 4, 1945. The pact, signed by senior German officers, agreed a ceasefire on the British fronts in north west Germany, Denmark and Holland as from 8am on May 5. (AP Photo/Eddie Worth, File)
Senior German officers, from left, Maj. Friedel, Rear Adm. Wagner, Adm. Hans-Georg Von Friedeburg, Gen. Eberhard Kinzel and Col. Pollek, arrive at Montgomery’s 21st Army Group headquarters, at Luneburg Heath, May 4, 1945. The peace envoy later agreed a surrender pact in the form of a ceasefire on the British fronts in north west Germany, Denmark and Holland as from 8am on May 5. (AP Photo/Eddie Worth, File)
Senior German officers, from left, Maj. Friedel, Rear Adm. Wagner, Adm. Hans-Georg Von Friedeburg, Gen. Eberhard Kinzel and Col. Pollek, arrive at Montgomery’s 21st Army Group headquarters, at Luneburg Heath, May 4, 1945. The peace envoy later agreed a surrender pact in the form of a ceasefire on the British fronts in north west Germany, Denmark and Holland as from 8am on May 5. (AP Photo/Eddie Worth, File)
British civilians and Allied service men and women gather, as part of a huge crowd, along Piccadilly, near London’s Piccadilly Circus, May 7, 1945, to celebrate Germany’s total surrender. (AP Photo/Leslie Priest, File)
British civilians and Allied service men and women gather, as part of a huge crowd, along Piccadilly, near London’s Piccadilly Circus, May 7, 1945, to celebrate Germany’s total surrender. (AP Photo/Leslie Priest, File)
A view of the burned-out ruins of the German Reichstag in Berlin in this photo from August 1945, three months after the Nazis surrendered to the Allied Powers on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo, file)
A view of the burned-out ruins of the German Reichstag in Berlin in this photo from August 1945, three months after the Nazis surrendered to the Allied Powers on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo, file)
A view of the burned-out ruins of the German Reichstag in Berlin in this photo from August 1945, three months after the Nazis surrendered to the Allied Powers on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo, file)
A view of the burned-out ruins of the German Reichstag in Berlin in this photo from August 1945, three months after the Nazis surrendered to the Allied Powers on May 8, 1945. (AP Photo, file)
LONDON (AP) — — April 16, 1945: The Soviet Red Army begins its final assault on Berlin, the capital of Nazi Germany.
— April 28: Former Italian fascist premier Benito Mussolini is executed by Italian partisans near Lake Como.
— April 29: British Field Marshal Harold Alexander accepts the unconditional surrender of German and Italian forces in Italy and western Austria in a ceremony at the Palace of Caserta, north of Naples. The surrender formally takes effect at noon May 2.
— April 30: Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his bunker under the Reich Chancellery in Berlin. Adm. Karl Dönitz succeeds him as Germany’s head of state.
— May 2: Soviet forces complete their conquest of Berlin as the last defenders surrender.
— May 4: British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery accepts the surrender of German forces in northwestern Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands at Luneberg Heath, south of Hamburg.
— May 7: Supreme Allied Commander U.S. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower accepts the unconditional surrender of all German forces at Allied headquarters in Reims, France. The document of surrender is signed at 2:41 a.m. by Gen. Alfred Jodl at the direction of Dönitz. It goes into effect the next day. Soviet leaders refuse to recognize the document as the final surrender because the ceremony doesn’t reflect their country’s key role in defeating Nazi Germany.
— May 7: The Associated Press flashes news of the surrender at 9:35 a.m. Eastern War Time (3:35 p.m. in London).
Later in the day, the BBC interrupts scheduled programming to announce that the next day would be Victory in Europe Day and had been declared a national holiday. People start celebrating right away, lighting bonfires and filling pubs.
— May 8: German Field Marshal William Keitel signs the Definitive Act of Military Surrender in Berlin, satisfying Soviet concerns about the Reims surrender. The document was signed at around midnight in Berlin. Russia celebrates the end of the war on May 9.